4 Things to Send with Every Scholarship Application

Filling out scholarships is a long and laborious process. As a senior, I cannot express how many days I have spent trying to perfect essays, transcripts, and more. Each scholarship will ask for different things, but there are five topics I send with every scholarship, no matter what. 1. A Professional Resume At the beginning of the year, I put together a list of all of the things I had been involved in up to that point: honors, awards, extracurricular activities, service projects, leadership positions, work experience, etc. This served as a reference for filling out online scholarships, a senior brag sheet, and a convenient reference sheet to send to all other scholarship committees. I highly recommend putting together a similar reference sheet for yourself. 2. A High School Transcript Many scholarship committees will ask for an official high school transcript, which mean you must request a specific copy from your counselor. However, you can often receive an official copy of your transcript to keep on file and copy to distribute to scholarship committees. Even if they do not request this resource, it gives them an idea of how you have challenged yourself through your high school career. 3. Letters of Recommendation Again, this is something that many scholarship committees will ask for, but it is a good idea to add one or two into an application even if it is not requested. Additionally, if you have an interview for a scholarship, it is often beneficial to take any additional letters of recommendation you may have. 4. ACT Scores Now, thanks to this lovely little thing called the internet, you can save your ACT scores as a PDF and make as many copies as you want. If you have decent or high ACT scores, sending a copy with your scholarship applications can never hurt. Once again, it is an additional resource that will help a scholarship committee discover who you are. Please remember: a scholarship committee is judging you—your ability, talents, personality, character, and potential—by a looking pieces of paper. Anything you can do to help them develop an image of who you are makes all of the difference. Written by an intern, who is now attending Marshall University in Huntington, WV. Whether youre a high school or college student, share your experience and application advice with us. We welcome guest blog post. For more information, please email info@.

Operating Systems and Software All Wrapped Up Essays - Free Essays

Operating Systems and Software All Wrapped Up Essays - Free Essays Operating Systems and Software All Wrapped Up April Page, Ian Keane, Nathan Cook, Alma Molina, Luis Wiley and Christine Lehman BIS 320 Business Information Systems July 27, 2015 Klckner Pentaplast Europe GmbH This company uses a wide range of operating systems and software applications that allow them to communicate effectively all over the globe. Klckner Pentaplast is a global company with a worldwide supply chain, supplying a wide range of products such as food packaging, films use in the medical field, for labeling and printing. Operating Systems are unique to a companys way of doing things. An operating system can be addressed as hard and soft systems including: technology, financial, marketing, operations and people. A hard system is the payroll and human resources system, where as soft systems include performance management, selection, and compensation and development systems. (Colan. 2015) Operating systems help the business by accomplishing the following, such as device management. Most computers have additional hardware, such as printers and scanners, connected to them. These devices require drivers, or special programs that translate the electrical signals sent from the operating system or application program to the hardware device. The operating system manages the input to and output from the computer. The Lync p hone system is a platform that has grown significantly through businesses; Lync is a collaboration that incorporates well designed user interface that moves and transitions easily from a chat session, to a video or audio business conferencing. When choosing an operating system for a business, the primary considerations should be the hardware platform used, the number of users and attendant system security requirements and the ease of administration. The objectives of every department in every organization at every level are to make owners and stockholders money. Therefore, the more efficient an organization is, the more can be completed while acquiring fewer liabilities. In this case liability would be in the form of more workers on the payroll. Have the operating systems that track and account for massive amounts of information enables the company to hire 50 employees to conduct payroll activities. Whereas if the company did not have the information systems in place they may need to have 100 employees simply dedicated to the payroll. By having the operating systems in place to make 50 workers as efficient as 150, the money saved can now be invested into the company to expand or create other operating systems to improve systems already in place. All systems in the organization work toward the same goal, regardless of what department or the specifics, the goal is efficiency, which increases the bottom line. All systems have a wea r out date and money saved by using the system should be used to upgrade them. The hardware requirements for these programs mirror that of most computers in use today. There must be keyboard, mouse devices, and document scanners for input. Major companies have large storage units otherwise known as servers that contain the massive data that goes through the entire company system. On a small level data is enter through to the system with flash or thumb drives. Companies such as KP want to ensure that employees who work out in the field are able to input data in to their systems immediately. An example would be they go out to the operation plant of a major client; the Manager of the plants asks if they have 1000 cases of packaging film available. The sales rep looks up the inventory and realizes that there is 1050 in stock. The sales rep uses their tablet to put a hold on those 1000 cases to ensure no other sales rep sells them cutting his order short. This also lets the manufacturing manager that there is a priority to get more made and in stock so that other re ps can offer it to their customers as well. This is how having efficient input hardware can improve sales at KP with high efficiency. A

The Soft-Beverage Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Soft-Beverage Industry - Essay Example From this essay it is clear that  soft drink industries as have been noted are those firms that develop, manufacture, and market the carbonated and non-carbonated beverages. The main industries in the current market are the Coca-Cola Company and PepsiCo (Hooley and Saunders. These two occupies the largest share of the market then they are followed by Dr. Pepper, who holds a moderate amount of market share.   These companies operate on a global scale and have markets in more than 200 countries globally. The soft-beverage has a very wide scope of operation and in the United States; the industry generates revenue amounting to approximately $28 billion annually according to the report by IBIS World.This study discusses that  despite the continued success in the soft drink industries, the companies is also being faced with challenges that have led to a heavy decline in their sales, especially among the United States consumers. It is noted that the volumes of soft drinks being sold i n the United States markets have been on the decline since 1998 due to the fall in its consumption in the country. The fall has been from its peak in 1998 at 864 eight-ounce servings to 675 servings in the year 2013, and this represented a general drop in the sales volume of about 22%. Crowther notes that the huge drop has been attributed by the sudden change in the consumer tastes and preferences in the country.  

Huffman Trucking Knowledge Worker- Terence Essay

Huffman Trucking Knowledge Worker- Terence - Essay Example Its mission clearly states the business’ strategic plans to survive in the logistics market. It motivates employees from every department by reminding them that profit making and competitiveness are the core principles of the firm’s success. Huffman’s facilities have been strategically located to ensure that both services and corporate support have been tactically diversified. Thesis statement: Huffman has outsourced its infrastructure and networks. A knowledge worker through analyzing the systems will come up with different ideas to support the firm and vice versa (Davenport 2013). Huffman has an information system that helps it in running operations between the four branches. The network has ensured the California, New Jersey, Missouri and Ohio facility are connected together. A remote backup site has also been set up to ensure communications between the four stations possible. Huffman offers logistical services meaning the need for constant communication with the fleet due to customer preferences. The information systems structure has made it possible for clients and staff to access information instantly when needed (Peterson and Davie 2012). Corporate communications from the corporate headquarters in Ohio are facilitated by the information systems infrastructure. It connects each and every department that include executive offices, marketing, sales, accounting and human resource. The administration at the corporate office has been provided with high-speed computers and printers depending on the number of employees in each department. The marketing department issues employees with mac-book computers, unlike others with HP to ensure class and a close connection to the public. Huffman’s computers have internal memories of one terabyte to ensure that vast information and data can be stored based on the size of the fleet. Other high-speed specs such as RAM and internal speeds have been emphasized ensuring

Research &Evaluation of a service Initiative Essay

Research &Evaluation of a service Initiative - Essay Example en has become a serious concern and needs to be studied at primary healthcare setting, using wider platform of service initiatives (O’Hara et al., 1984; Whitton, Warner & Appleby, 1996). The study would be making efforts to identify the needs of the mothers and critically evaluate the support and proactive participation of peer support groups for women with PND in St. Albans. I am a student healthcare visitors and the student would greatly facilitate in exploring the various facets of timely interventions to reduce pnd. There is considerable evidence to show that PND has a substantial impact on the mother, her partner and baby (Linnet et al, 2003; Brown, Bacigalupo, 2006; Hall & Elliman, 2008). Evidence suggests that mothers’ psychosocial and mental health can have a significant effect on the mother and baby relationship and that PND can result in both emotional and cognitive disorders in the infant (Bee & Boyd, 2008; Stein et al.,1991; Murray & Cooper, 1991). All of which have significant health impacts on individuals and society, signifying a major public health issue (Hearn et al., 1998; Briscoe, 1986). Motherhood is one of the most important and challenging role of women. It becomes a lifelong learning process and is hugely facilitated by emotional support of the family (Scrandis, 2005). But often, the changing role of single women into mother is accompanied by socio psychological adjustments which are hugely facilitated by the husband, support family and peer groups (Rodrigues et al., 2000; Oats et al., 2004). The social expectations become highly stressful because of the various factors like lack of knowledge, conflicting views and differences about childcare between the expectant mothers and peer group. Very often this adversely impacts the self confidence and promotes doubts about one’s competency level of being a good mother thereby creating stress and pnd amongst the women (Dressel & Clark, 1990; Beck, 2002). Thus, encouraging family support

Global Financial Crisis: Aviation Industry Impact

Global Financial Crisis: Aviation Industry Impact Abstract The basic aim behind to conduct a research analysis on the affects of the global financial crisis with specific to the aviation industry. The research will help to actually analyze the after affects of the financial crisis. As we all know that aviation is one of the most important pillars of the global economy of the world. And also this sector provides millions of jobs globally and contributed heavily in the global GDP. This sector is also the most important and the most efficient mode of transportation. It provides the transportation services all over the world. So as the global financial crisis which was born due to the failure of the major financial institutions caused the drastic impacts on the world economy. And as the aviation is the important part it also got affected heavily by the crisis. Due to which this aviation sector which is one the fastest growing industry has to face negative growth rate. Also the aviation sector has to face huge losses. Some aviation companies was able to bare such huge losses but there is a big number of those aviation companies who do have capacity to bare such huge losses so they go bankrupt after the global financial crisis. CHAPTER 1: Introduction Introduction 1.1 Overview The global financial crisis was triggered in 2007 8 mainly in developed countries like United States of America. After that the crisis entered in the European countries and after a few days the crisis just take the whole of the world under its impact. Almost all of the countries in the world got affected by this financial crisis directly or indirectly. This financial crisis was born due to the failure of the major financial institution of these developed countries. These financial institutions include banks like Lehman Brothers, Bear Steams and etc. These main financial institutions of the United States are the main reason behind the financial crisis. Te global financial crisis caused impacts on almost each and every industry of the world. The key businesses which were showing good positions and were experiencing good growth experienced negative growth because of the financial crisis. Also the consumer wealth faces the billions of dollars loss due to the financial crisis. That is wh y this global Financial Crisis is thought to be the worst financial crisis after the great Depression of twentieth century. The main reason behind the failure of the financial institutions was the artificial bubble of the housing sector of U.S.A. This artificial bubble got height in 2006 and suddenly it burst in year 2007 8 and caused the values of the securities which were tied to the Americas real estate to massive decline. This caused the miss balance in the financial institutions of U.S.A as around 50% of their advances were given on the housing sector. As the value of the real estate falls and so do the financial institutions. And as result of which these financial institutions has bare losses of around $2.3 trillion. This is also the main reason that the most strongest financial institutions go bankrupt after baring such huge losses. As aviation is one of the most important pillars of the global economy of the world. And also this sector provides millions of jobs globally and contributed heavily in the global GDP. This sector is also the most important and the most efficient mode of transportation. It provides the transportation services all over the world. So as the global financial crisis which was born due to the failure of the major financial institutions caused the drastic impacts on the world economy. And as the aviation is the important part it also got affected heavily by the crisis. Due to which this aviation sector which is one the fastest growing industry has to face negative growth rate. . Also the aviation sector has to face huge losses. Some aviation companies was able to bare such huge losses but there is a big number of those aviation companies who do have capacity to bare such huge losses so they go bankrupt after the global financial crisis. 1.2 Background Information The global financial crisis hit the world economy in 2008 and left drastic affects on the world economy, especially the growing industries. The crisis arose first in U.S.A and Europe due to the failures of the main financial institutions. This failure of some financial institutions, lead to the biggest financial crisis after the great depression. The main reason behind the failure of the financial institutions was the artificial bubble of the housing sector of U.S.A. This artificial bubble got height in 2006 and suddenly it burst in year 2007 8 and caused the values of the securities which were tied to the Americas real estate to massive decline. This caused the miss balance in the financial institutions of U.S.A as around 50% of their advances were given on the housing sector. As the value of the real estate falls and so do the financial institutions. And as result of which these financial institutions has bare losses of around $2.3 trillion. This is also the main reason that the m ost strongest financial institutions go bankrupt after baring such huge losses. Impact on Aviation sector As the global economy was disturbed due to this financial crisis of 2008 so Aviation being as one of the main pillars of global economy, it also got affected. As aviation is the main source of transportation throughout the world. The crisis had deeply struck this growing industry. Due to global financial crisis the aviation industry had experienced the negative growth. The impact of the crisis was so huge that a big number of airline companies go bankrupt and those who survived still had to face huge losses. Importance With Respect To The World The global financial crisis is of great importance to the global economy as it has caused drastic impacts on the global economy. Most of the economies of the developed nations are heavily affected by the crisis. It causes the negative impact on almost all of the global businesses. The global financial crisis, brewing for a while, really started to show its effects in the middle of 2007 and into 2008. Around the world stock markets have fallen, large financial institutions have collapsed or been bought out, and governments in even the wealthiest nations have had to come up with rescue packages to bail out their financial system The aviation throughout the world faces the losses in their revenue because of the increasing oil prices and the global financial crisis. Many of the small airlines as well as some big airlines companies go bankrupt. Importance With Respect To Pakistan The Pakistani economy is not as badly affected as that of other countries by the global recession of 2007-2008. The global financial crisis that hit the world very severely has not left many impacts on the economy of Pakistan. Just as the economy has remained safe from getting adverse impacts, the Pakistan International Airline has not been affected that badly either. However, the year 2008 failed to bring any crucial improvements in the overall and financial performance of Pakistan International Airlines. The conundrums, the issues and the problems of the previous years remained and hindered the progress. These similar problems led to further loss and at the end, the company had to bear a higher net loss than the previous year. A short study of the year 2007 shows that during that year, the company went through several unpleasant experiences. It had to face a number of financial, marketing and operational problems. Operating restrictions which were imposed by the European Union duri ng the first few months of the year, led to great disruption in the Pakistan International Airlines schedules and also caused great curtailment in the capacity. During all this, the Pakistan International Airline lost market share. This made the conditions even more difficult for the Pakistan International Airlines. The tremendous increase in the oil prices, which had never been seen before, put adverse effects on the PIAs bottom line. PIA was left with no other choice but to bear the load and burden of paying for the expensive fuel. Moreover, the increase in the salaries if certain categories of personnel and depreciation of the rupee towards the end of the year, both aggravated the situation. 1.4 Research Question There are many reasons that I have chosen this topic of Impact assessment of global financial crisi on the aviation industry. First of all since child the air planes really used to fascinate. It was my dream to become a pilot but I couldnt make to that. But I want to join aviation sector after my studies as I am trying to get admission in Emirates School of Aviation to do MBA in aviation management. That is why I have chosen this specific topic to do research. I think that I have find and learn a lot of new things, facts and figures about aviation industry. So I really want to know about the ups and down in aviation sector. The scope of the research is basically to focus on how the global financial crisis has cause impacts on aviation industry or how GFC has affected the aviation sector specifically. And also to analyze different factors involve in affecting this fastest growing sector of the world. Bay basic Research Question is How the global financial crisis has cause impact on AVIATION INDUSTRY. CHAPTER 2: Literature Review Literature Review The literature review will focus on the issues and the reasons that how the Global financial Crisis has affected the Aviation Industry as a whole, it will mainly be focusing on the different factors involved that affect the aviation. 1 Peter Morrell in his articles Can long haul low cost Airlines be successful talks about low cost airlines. Author says an important task is to determine if LCC business model which is largely short haul can work over long haul sectors or not. This paper examines the advantages of LCCs including the cost and it also appraises how far they can be applied to long haul sectors. The author says that it is seen that the cost advantages might be much lower than approximately 50-60% on short hauls. He also says that the factors such as the implementation and acceptance of some LCC features by network airlines and their anticipated response, the limited potential for market stimulation, the need for dense markets and feed traffic all cast doubt on the prevailing establishment of the business model for long-haul fights. 2 Jacob Denaro in his article Aviation says that due to the worlds energy crisis, there has been as increase in the cost of fuel which has affected U.S. international air carriers adversely. According to the author, the cost of fuel on international air routes increased up to three times than that of domestic jet fuel because it was not under the influence of federal price controls. This aroused the need for subsidies to cover these high fuel bills since Nov,1973. The airlines position was approved by the Chairman of the Civil Aeronautics Board. While the issue stayed unsettled, Pan Am asked the Board for the right to arbitrate the consolidation of trans-Atlantic services on the basis that the rapidly increasing fuel prices had plunged it into a financial crisis. Pan Am also asked for the permission to discuss with TWA the possible consolidation of operations, coordinated services and sharing of revenues on trans-Atlantic routes. TWA approved of his position before the Board and filed a petition of its own. The Justice Department stated that the proposition would decrease competition and would prove to be detrimental to the public. The Departments Anti-Trust Division mentioned that pooling would not make the financial impact of the fuel situation any less acute, international air travelers are provided better sevice because of the system of competition which is there, and that the pooling arrangements decrease the incentives to provide both economical and efficient services. These and some other reasons were behind the opposition to the airlines request. 3 Dr. Geraint Harvey Professor Turnbull in their report The Impact of the Financial Crisis on Labor of the Civil Aviation Industry say that civil Aviation is an important and indispensable part of the world economy. It affects activities from every sphere of life and provides employment to a great number of people. This industry provides 31.9 million jobs all around the world. At first, the industry suffered greatly at the hands of the attacks of Sept11,2001 and is now adversely affected because of the global financial crisis. The financial crisis hit the employment in the airline industry as many people have lost their jobs. Managerial authorities believe that it may take years to restore the industry to its normal condition. The study discusses the ways in which the job losses have been taken care of or dealt with. 4 Novie John Prof. Peter Jones in their article The Impact of Economic Downturn in the Flight Catering Industry say that the number of air passengers has greatly decreased which has led to different flights being cancelled. Customers have turned to more economical and cheaper alternatives. So, different companies are compelled to lessen the fares while providing the same standard services. Buying approach has changed. People now try to find cheaper alternatives and solutions. Some people say that all the sectors are equally affected by the present recession. The number of the business class passengers has reduced which has left a great impact on the scheduled airlines. Effects are felt differently of the current recession in the different parts of the world. American economy and the European economy have suffered the most in the recent crisis. Many people believe that the impact of the crisis will only remain for a short time whereas some believe that it may take as long as 5 years. 5 Markus Franke and Florian John in their article What Comes Next After Recession? Airline Industry Scenarios and Potential End Games say that the economic crisis of 2008 has proved to be more severe than that of 2001/2003. Airlines tried their best to minimize their operating costs and operating expenses but still they failed to bypass the effects of the global recession. Also, the process of recovery in profits has been very slow in various airlines. Although a decrease in demand was expected, the crisis caused many other effects that were not expected by any of the experts. During the recession of 2008, the fuel prices rose dramatically which reduced the profits extensively. This recession led to a huge decline in the demand for air travel. Most airlines around the world reacted immediately in 2008 as they reduced their capacity in the short run. And also many of the small airlines have to close down their operations and also go bankrupt as well. 6 Muhammad Usman in his article Global Financial Crisis: Its Impact On Developing Countries And Lessons For Pakistan says that the recession of 2008 was the worst financial crisis ever experienced after the Great Depression of 1930s. This financial crisis arose due to the failure of the major financial institutions of the United States of America including the leading banks like Lehman Brothers. The impact of this financial crisis also caused drastic impacts on the European economy resulting in the downward trends in the stock exchange and also a significant impact on the value of different subprime mortgages at the same time. The recent financial crisis also caused negative impacts on the world economy as a whole. Almost each and every aspect of the global economy got affected by the financial crisis. Economy of Pakistan being part of the global economy also got affected by the global financial crisis. But as Pakistani economy is already facing so many problems do get that much affect ed by the financial crisis. 7 A Google Book Aviation Industry Performance says that the aviation industry had to face many challenges during the year 2008. Many passengers even changed their preferences and demands which worsened the condition. Operating costs also increased due to increase in the fuel prices. Both , the increase in oil prices and the recession led to service terminations and many bankruptcies. After the recession of 2008, different companies took steps to cope with the situation. They achieved the target of improving the economic conditions by cutting costs and increasing the fares. The number of domestic scheduled flights was reduced. The airlines that used small air crafts were forced to eradicate them or minimize their number. Soon, reduction in the number of scheduled flights was seen and the companies reduced the fares to increase the demand until new capacity cuts were introduced. (Elizabeth Tinoco director ILO Sectoral Activities Department) Aviation industry supports 31.9 million jobs globally. Markus Frank and Florian John (2010). Before financial crisis Aviation industry had an annual growth rate of 7 % to 9%. Markus Frank and Florian John (2010). In Oil Crisis of 1979-80 and Asian Financial Crisis the Aviation industry grew at least 2% annually. Markus Frank and Florian John (2010). Only three times the Aviation industry have seen the negative growth. Neil Dias Karunaratne (2009) Global financial Crisis deeply effect the Aviation Industry. Markus Frank and Florian John (2010). Drop of 6.1%of overall air traffic was recorded in 2009 CHAPTER 3: Methodology Methodology The topic of my research is Impact Assessment Of Global Financial Crisis On Aviation Industry. The methodology will tell us as to what models to apply and on the basis of that results will be formulated and interpreted and the most affecting variable will be verified. Research Type: The type of research which I will be conducting is quantitative in nature. As the data of my research is mainly secondary and mostly its in numbers so qualitative does not suite my research topic. As there are lots of numeric data involved in my research so I have to run different statistical models which are only possible in quantitative type of research. Data Type and Research Period: Data used in my research will be secondary in nature. The data could in form of time series data gathered from various databases. The reference period of data used in my research is of five years ranging from 2005 to 2009. Sources of Data: Data for my research will be most likely taken from several databases and related websites. The major sources of data collection are the reports, working papers and actual facts of Air Carrier Traffic Statistics, IATA, WDI, ILO, JSTOR etc. data of oil prices will be taken from OPEC web site. Data on tourism will be taken from WDI and data on GDP will also be taken from WDI and different economic surveys. Data on unemployment, less travel demand and couriers will also be gathered. Theoretical Framework Operational Definitions: Aviation: means science and technology of flight through air i.e. airlines 9/11: attack on the world trade centre. GFC: Global Financial Crisis. SARS: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. GDP: Gross Domestic Product. Financial Markets: is a mechanism that allows people to buy and sell (trade) financial securities (stocks and bonds), commodities (precious metals) and other fungible items of value at low transaction cost. Asian financial crisis: The Asian Financial Crisis was a period of financial crisis that gripped much of Asia beginning in July 1997, and raised fears of a worldwide economic meltdown due to financial contagion. RPK: Revenue Passenger kilometer (RPK) is a measure of a passenger traffic for an airline flight, bus, or train calculated by multiplying the total number of revenue-paying passengers aboard the vehicle by the distance traveled measured in miles Techniques: The technique to be carried out for research will be Regression analysis. Regression analysis is a statistical technique which is used to determine the relationships between variables. It involves modeling and analyzing variables relationships between one dependent variable and several independent variables. Data Analysis: The statistical softwares to be employed for research purpose are Minitab, Statgraphics and EViews. Regression for each variable will be run. The research will also use graphs and tables for illustration. RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS H0: Global Financial Crisis has not cause significant impacts on Aviation Industry. HA: Global Financial Crisis cause significant impacts on Aviation Industry. H0: Crude Oil Prices has not significant effect on Aviation Industry. HA: Crude Oil Prices have significant effect on Aviation Industry. H0: GDP growth has not significant effect on Aviation Industry. HA: GDP growth has any significant effect on Aviation Industry. H0: Inflation rate has not significant effect on Aviation Industry. HA: Inflation rate have any significant effect on Aviation Industry. H0: Unemployment rate has not significant effect on Aviation Industry. HA: Unemployment rate have any significant effect on Aviation Industry. CHAPTER 4: Results and Analysis Results and Analysis RESULTS Multiple Regression Analysis Dependent variable: Registered Carrier Departures Standard T Parameter Estimate Error Statistic P-Value CONSTANT 1.17957E7 1.17689E6 10.0227 0.0000 Crude Oil Prices 36212.5 6652.45 5.44348 0.0001 GDP Growth % -50451.8 93127.7 -0.541749 0.5959 Inflation annual % -541064.0 104745.0 -5.16555 0.0001 Unemployment % -547932.0 133271.0 -4.11141 0.0009 - Analysis of Variance Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value Model 2.10578E13 4 5.26444E12 22.98 0.000 Residual 3.4357E12 15 2.29047E11 Total (Corr.) 2.44935E13 19 R-squared = 85.973 percent R-squared (adjusted for d.f.) = 82.2325 percent Standard Error of Est. = 478588.0 Mean absolute error = 323221.0 Durbin-Watson statistic = 1.67531 The StatAdvisor The output shows the results of fitting a multiple linear regression model to describe the relationship between Registered Carrier Departures and 4 independent variables. The equation of the fitted model is Registered Carrier Departures = 1.17957E7 50451.8*GDP Growth % -541064.0*Inflation 36212.5*Oil Prices 547932.0*Unemployment % Since the P-value in the ANOVA table is less than 0.01, there is a statistically significant relationship between the variables at the 99% confidence level. The R-Squared statistic indicates that the model as fitted explains 85.973% of the variability in Registered Carrier Departures. The adjusted R-squared statistic, which is more suitable for comparing models with different numbers of independent variables, is 82.2325%. The standard error of the estimate shows the standard deviation of the residuals to be 478588.0. This value can be used to construct prediction limits for new observations by selecting the Reports option from the text menu. The mean absolute error (MAE) of 323221.0 is the average value of the residuals. The Durbin-Watson (DW) statistic tests the residuals to determine if there is any significant correlation based on the order in which they occur in your data file. Since the DW value is greater than 1.4, there is probably not any serious autocorrelation in the residuals. In determining whether the model can be simplified, notice that the highest P-value on the independent variables is 0.5959, belonging to unemployment. Since the P-value is greater or equal to 0.10, that term is not statistically significant at the 90% or higher confidence level. Consequently, you should consider removing GDP Growth % from the model. Regression Analysis Crude Oil Prices: H0: ÃŽÂ ² à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¥ 0 HA: ÃŽÂ ² à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ 0 ÃŽÂ ± =0.01, Çâ‚ ¬test statÇâ‚ ¬ > tc tc = 2.539 t-stat=5.4438 >2.539 Sign of t-stat is not the same as expected. We do not reject Ho as the coefficient of the crude oil prices is not coming out to be significant at 1% level of significance. GDP Growth %: H0: ÃŽÂ ² à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ 0 HA: ÃŽÂ ² à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¥ 0 ÃŽÂ ± =0.01 tc = 2.539 Çâ‚ ¬test statÇâ‚ ¬ Çâ‚ ¬o.541749Çâ‚ ¬ Sign of GDP Growth % is not the same as expected. We do not reject H0, as the GDP Growth is not coming out to be significant at 1% level of significance. Inflation % H0: ÃŽÂ ² à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¥ 0 HA: ÃŽÂ ² à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ 0 ÃŽÂ ± =0.01 tc = 2.539 Çâ‚ ¬test statÇâ‚ ¬ > tc Çâ‚ ¬-5.16555Çâ‚ ¬ > 2.539 Sign of tstat is the same as the expected sign of HA We reject H0, as annual inflation is coming out to be significant at 1 % level of signifance. Unemployment H0: ÃŽÂ ² à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¥ 0 HA: ÃŽÂ ² à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ 0 ÃŽÂ ± =0.01 tc = 2.539 Çâ‚ ¬test statÇâ‚ ¬ > tc Çâ‚ ¬-4.11141Çâ‚ ¬ > 2.539 Sign of tstat is the same as the expected sign of HA We reject H0 as unemployment rate % is coming out to be significant at 1 % level. Interpretation of the Variables: The no of registered carrier departure will be equal to 11795000, if all other independent variables are equal to zero. The Coefficient of the crude oil prices is coming to be positive, which is not true. This could be because of some unobserved factors that are causing positive biasness in crude oil prices variable. Crude Oil If crude oil prices will increase by $1 then the number registered carrier departures will increase by 36212.5, keeping all other variables constant. GDP growth % If GDP growth will go up by 1%, the no. of registered carrier departure will decrease by 504.518 departures, keeping all other variables constant. Inflation % If the inflation in the US economy will increase by 1%, then the number of registered carrier departures will decrease by 5410.64 number of flights, keeping all other variables constant. Unemployment rate % If the unemployment rate in the us economy will increase by 1 % the registered carrier will decrease by 5479.32 number of flights, keeping all other variables constant. R square The simpler commonly used measure of fit is the coefficient of determination, R2. The coefficient of determination is explained sum of squares to the total sum of squares. R2= The higher the R2, the closer the closer the estimated regression equation fits the sample data. Measures of this type are called goodness of fit measures. The goodness of fit explains the variation of Y around Ã…Â ¶. R-squared = 85.973 percent R-squared (adjusted for d.f.) = 82.2325 percent The R-squares of this regression is 85.973 percent which is really good. Conclusion The global financial crisis was triggered in 2007 8 mainly in developed countries like United States of America. After that the crisis entered in the European countries and after a few days the crisis just take the whole of the world under its impact. Almost all of the countries in the world got affected by this financial crisis directly or indirectly. This financial crisis was born due to the failure of the major financial institution of these developed countries. These financial institutions include banks like Lehman Brothers, Bear Steams and etc. These main financial institutions of the United States are the main reason behind the financial crisis. Te global financial crisis caused impacts on almost each and every industry of the world. The key businesses which were showing good positions and were experiencing good growth experienced negative growth because of the financial crisis. Also the consumer wealth faces the billions of dollars loss due to the financial crisis. That is wh y this global Financial Crisis is thought to be the worst financial crisis after the great Depression of twentieth century. As aviation is one of the most important pillars of the global economy of the world. And also this sector provides millions of jobs globally and contributed heavily in the global GDP. This sector is also the most important and the most efficient mode of transportation. It provides the transportation services all over the world. So as the global financial crisis which was born due to the failure of the major financial institutions caused the drastic impacts on the world economy. And as the aviation is the important part it also got affected heavily by the crisis. Due to which this aviation sector which is one the fastest growing industry has to face negative growth rate. . Also the aviation sector has to face huge losses. Some aviation companies was able to bare such huge losses but there is a big number of those aviation companies who do have capacity to bare such huge losses so they go bankrupt after the global financial crisis. Ethical Issue: Refusal of Treatment Ethical Issue: Refusal of Treatment Introduction The broad scope of nursing practice demands familiarity with the all of the ethical, professional and legal issues relating to clinical practice. The Nursing and Midwifery Council standards of conduct, performance and ethics require that nurses provide high standards of practice and have a duty of care to all patients (NMC 2007). This paper discusses the case of Alastair and explores the ethical, professional and legal issues which are of relevance to clinical nursing practice in this particular case. Ethical, professional and legal issues Autonomy is defined as the right to determine what happens to one’s own body. As stated by Mill (1982): â€Å"the only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilised community, against his will, is to prevent harm to others. His own good, either physical or moral, is not a sufficient warrant. He cannot rightfully be compelled to do or forbear because it will be better for him to do so, because it will make him happier, because, in the opinion of others to do so would be wise, or even right†. Every individual has a right to self-determination and patient autonomy forms part of that right and is protected by law (Hyland 2002). The principle of respect for autonomy forms a key component of nursing ethics (van Thiel and van Delden 2001). The nurse has an obligation to promote autonomy in the patient and work to empower the patient to make autonomous decisions where possible (Hewitt 2002). The Human Rights Act (1988) enables individuals to take action against a health authority that has failed to uphold their right to respect (OPSI 1998). Proot et al. (2002) described a study conducted in 27 health care providers from three different nursing homes, who were interviewed about autonomy issues relating to stroke patients in rehabilitation and nurses’ perceptions of patient autonomy. Study findings showed that self determination, independence and self care were all associated with the process of patients regaining their autonomy. In Alastair’s case, he was no longer independent and able to care for himself following his stroke, and had to rely on others for help with everyday activities. The nurse must therefore decide whether Alastair is capable of making a fully autonomous decision. If they believe this is not the case, they may be able to work with other members of the multidisciplinary care team to increase Alistair’s autonomy and empower him to make the best choices regarding his care. Advocacy forms an integral part of a nurse’s role and is a mandatory activity within the ethical code of all professional nurses. Advocacy involves a professional responsibility to support the patient’s needs and wishes through active involvement in a process of analysis, counselling, responding, shielding and whistle blowing (Hyland 2002; Vaartio et al. 2006). There is a therefore a relationship between nurse advocacy and patient autonomy (Hyland 2002). If nurses are to demonstrate paternalism and/or empower patients to make decisions regarding their care, they themselves must be empowered, particularly as nurses have increasingly greater accountability for their actions (Hewitt 2002; Christensen and Hewitt-Taylor 2006). The United Kingdom Central Council for Nursing Midwifery and Health Visiting states that â€Å"If the nurse does not feel that sufficient information has been given in terms readily understandable to the patient so as to enable him to make a truly informed decision, it is for her to state this opinion and seek to have the situation remedied † (UKCC 1989). It is also suggested that advocacy may place the nurse in situations of conflict, since there may be differences between nurse’s and doctor’s perceptions of autonomy at times (Mallik 2007). Supporting Alastair’s wishes and his decisions regarding his care requires the nurse to possess knowledge of his condition and the likely consequence s of discontinuing treatment. Through this empowerment, the nurse is ideally placed to educate and support Alistair in their role as advocate. Beneficence (doing good) is central to nursing philosophy, but achieving a balance between this and non-maleficence (avoiding harm) can present a challenge for nurses and the two principles may be viewed as separate ends of one continuum (Bartter 2001). In Alistair’s case, the nurse must consider the benefits and risks associated with treatment and with discontinuing treatment, and explain these to Alistair, thereby allowing him to make informed decisions. In situations where the patient is unable to make an autonomous decision, the nurse has a duty of beneficence to act in the patient’s best interests, while also respecting the patient as an individual. This would apply if Alistair was deemed not to be of sound mind and decisions regarding his treatment had to made by his care team. Veracity, or truth telling, is closely associated with informed decision making and is an important component of a trusting nurse-patient relationship. Veracity may present a dilemma for the nurse since there are times when telling the truth may cause harm to an individual (non-maleficence). Conversely there may be situations where telling a lie may actually do good (beneficence), although this goes against the principle of veracity (Ellis and Hartley 2003). The nurse has a duty to tell Alistair the truth about his condition and treatment to ensure that he is fully informed when making decisions regarding whether or not to continue with treatment/rehabilitation. Justice as fairness in nursing refers to the need for nurses to treat people equally, although this does not necessarily mean treating them in the same way (Staunton and Chiarella 2005). Nurses must acknowledge cultural, social and educational diversity and adopt appropriate strategies to achieve equal treatment for all patients. Clinical governance demands the provision of high-quality, patient-centred care and Alistair’s individual situation and specific health needs must be taken into account by the nurse during his care. All nurses, including those practicing within the community, have a duty to maintain confidentiality, although it should be acknowledged that there may be certain situations where confidentiality may be breached (Dimond 2000). Confidentiality is regarded as a critical component of good nursing care and reflects the professional responsibility of the nurse to respect a patient’s rights. The Data Protection Act 1998 also governs the protection of patients’ information (OPSI 1998). The nurse should therefore maintain Alistair’s confidentiality unless there is good reason not to do so. Consent to treatment is central to the nurse-patient relationship and it is the patient’s decision alone as to whether they accept or reject treatment. As nurses broaden their scope of practice, issues surrounding patient consent to treatment are becoming increasingly important (Anon 1997). It is a principle of UK law that a competent adult who has passes the Re C test may refuse treatment even if his life depends on it (Dimond 2004). The Court of Appeal has stated that provided the patient has the necessary mental capacity (assessed in relation to the decision that has to me made), they can refuse to give consent with or without a reason for doing so. In UK law, the court protects the right of the individual in this regard. This was illustrated in a case where the court ruled that â€Å"It is established that the principle of self-determination requires that respect must be given to the wishes of the patient, so that, if an adult patient of sound mind refuses, however unreasonably, to consent to treatment or care by which his life would or might be prolonged, the doctors responsible for his care must give effect to his wishes, eventhough they do not consider it to be in his best interests to do so† (Airedale NHS Trust v Bland [1993] AC 789). More recently was a case in which a woman paralysed from the neck down refused treatment in order to end her life. The woman was assessed to be of sound mind. The Court of Appeal ruling allowed a ventilator keeping the woman alive to be switched off, re-enforcing the duty of the healthcare professional to respect the wishes of a competed patient (Re B v NHS Trust [2002]). [Client: this case is similar to that of Alistair in that the patient was of sound mind and refused treatment. I was unable to find any cases relating to refusal of medical treatment in older adults of sound mind following stroke] In the case of Alistair, he initially was receiving medical treatment but took a subsequent decision to refuse further treatment. An assessment should be made to determine whether Alistair is of sound mind and is capable of making informed decisions regarding his care. If he is indeed competent, the nurse should work to promote Alistair’s autonomy through education and other methods, taking into account the ethical principles of beneficence and non-maleficence, veracity and justice, to ensure that he possesses adequate knowledge to make the best decisions on his care. At present, Alistair’s health is reasonably good; however, his decision not to continue with treatment and rehabilitation is likely to have a negative impact on his health and well-being in the longer term. Both of the case laws described above are applicable to the case of Alistair, since, should this case reach the Court of Appeal and he is assessed as competent, the judge is likely to rule that Alistair ’s wishes must be respected and his can continue to refuse treatment (based on the patient information provided in the scenario alone). Conclusions This paper has discussed the ethical, professional and legal issues relating to a specific patient case. It can be seen that these issues are inextricably linked and should all be taken into account in the provision of high-quality, patient-centred nursing care. In this case, self-determination, respecting the patient’s right to autonomy, and nurse advocacy are of particular importance, given that the patient is competent and capable of making informed decisions regarding his care. Other ethical principles including beneficence, non-maleficence, veracity and justice also play a key role in nurses’ ethical decision-making. References Anon 1997, ‘The legal and ethical implication of consent to nursing procedure’, British Journal of Nursing, vol. 6., no. 15, pp. 885–8. Airedale NHS Trust v Bland [1993] AC 789. Retrieved 30th November 2008 from:  http://www.bailii.org/uk/cases/UKHL/1992/5.html Bartter, K. 2001, Ethical issues in advanced nursing practice, Butterworth – Heinemann, Oxford. Christensen, M. Hewitt-Taylor, J. 2006, ‘Empowerment in nursing: paternalism or maternalism?’, British Journal of Nursing, vol. 15, no. 13, pp. 695–9. Dimond, B. 2000, ‘Legal issues arising in the community nursing 9: confidentiality’, British Journal of Community Nursing, vol. 5, no. 8, pp. 401–3. Dimond, B. 2004, Legal aspects of nursing, Longman, UK. Ellis, J. R. Hartley C. L. 2003, Nursing in today’s world: challenges, issues and trends, Lippincott, New York. Hewitt, J. 2002, ‘A critical review of the arguments debating the role of the nurse advocate’, Journal of Advanced Nursing, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 439–45. Hyland, D. 2002, ‘An exploration of the relationship between patient autonomy and patient advocacy: implications for nursing practice’, Nursing Ethics, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 472–82. Mill, J. S. 1982, On Liberty, Penguin, Harmondsworth, Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC), The Code – standards of conduct, performance and ethics for nurses and midwives. Retrieved 30th November 2008 from:  http://www.nmc-uk.org/aFrameDisplay.aspx?DocumentID=3954 Mallik, M. 2007, ‘Advocacy in nursing – perceptions of practicing nurses’, Journal of Clinical Nursing, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 303–13. Proot, I. M., Abu-Saad, H. H., van Oorsouw, G. G., Stevens, J. J. 2002, ‘Autonomy in stroke rehabilitation: the perceptions of care providers in nursing homes’, Nursing Ethics, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 36–50. Office of Public Sector Information (OPSI) 1998, Human Rights Act 1988. Retrieved 30th November 2008 from:  http://www.opsi.gov.uk/ACTS/acts1998/ukpga_19980042_en_1 Office of Public Sector Information (OPSI) 1998. Data Protection Act 1998. Retrieved 30th November 2008 from:  1998  http://www.opsi.gov.uk/Acts/Acts1998/ukpga_19980029_en_1 Re B v NHS Trust 2002. Retrieved 30th November 2008 from:  http://www.ipsofactoj.com/international/2003/Part05/int2003(5)-005.htm Staunton, P. Chiarella, M. 2005, Nursing and the law, Elsevier Publishers, USA. Vaartio, H., Leino-Kilpi, H., Salantera, S., Suominen, T. 2006, ‘Nursing advocacy: how is it defined by patients and nurses, what does it involve and how is it experienced?’, Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 181–92. van Thiel, G. J. van Delden, J. J. 2001, ‘The principle of respect for autonomy in the case of nursing home residents’, Nursing Ethics, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 419–31. UKCC 1989, Exercising accountability – a framework to assist nurses, midwives and health visitors to consider ethical aspects of professional practice. Retrieved 30th November from:  http://www.bristol-inquiry.org.uk/final_report/annex_a/chapter_17_7.htm#1029984

The Renaissance :: essays research papers

The Renaissance   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The literal meaning of the word Renaissance is â€Å"rebirth.† This idea of rebirth definitely applies to the music of this period. The Renaissance followed the Middle Ages and spanned from 1400 to 1600. A central characteristic was the rebirth of humanism, which is a way of looking at our world, emphasizing the importance of human beings, their nature, and their place in the universe. One main purpose of the humanistic view was to educate pupils to be the â€Å"ideal gentleman† or â€Å"universal man† that was reminiscent of the Greco-Roman ideal.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the Renaissance vocal music was more important than instrumental music, and composers during that period wrote music to enhance the meaning and emotion of the text. (Source: www.thinkquest.org) Renaissance composers often used word painting, a musical representation of specific human emotions. Word painting was used in the madrigal, which is a piece that matches the word of the song with a musical setting. For example if the text had words like â€Å"rising,† â€Å"flying,† or â€Å"soaring† then the music would be fast upward scales. (Source: Jeremy Yudkin â€Å"Understanding Music†) The most famous composer that wrote such madrigals was Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Palestrina, according to most Renaissance scholars, was a master composer. He started out in 1554 performing Masses and sang in the Cappella Sistina. (Source: w3.rz-berlin.mpg) He was so famous that he was actually asked to rewrite the church’s main plainchant books, but had to follow the Council of Trent’s guidelines. His most famous Mass, Missa Papae Marcelli, was in fact in line with the Counter Reformation, which he always was. His conservative attitude towards making the Catholic polyphonic music helped composers down the line to create new music for the church. Even though the polyphonic texts invaded the church, most of the Ordinary of the Mass, which is the Kyrie eleison, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, and Andus Dei stayed mostly in plainchant for at least some parts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Protestant Reformation actually helped the Catholic Church come to let the Mass become more active with polyphonic hymns. The musical boundaries were expanded because the invention of printing which led to a larger circulation of text. Even though the church grew towards easier hymns music still gradually move to a secular way of creating music. The whole Protestant Reformation started because the king of England and Martin Luther, the king wanted to divorce his first wife and the pope would not recognize this break of the marriage vow.

Causes of Forest Fires

The world has many natural disasters which cause many human and material losses. An example of these disasters are floods, air pollution and forest fires. So, this essay will highlight the main causes of forest fires. The first main cause of forest fires is because of nature. It can be caused by many factors like lightning . When the Lightning strikes a tree, the tree begins to burn with fires which expanded to other trees and unlikely the flames continue non-stop.For instance, the numbers of forest fires which destroying million of hectares of valuable trees are increasing more than 100,000 in USA (rubychacha, Boutique Market Research Agency: online). Forest fires can be caused by earthquakes since it cause a lot of massive fires where it lead to incidence many losses whether human or martial. For example, the greatest destruction which caused by earthquake in San Francisco in 1906, it took only a minute but it caused many worst natural disasters like one of them forest fires.Anothe r disaster, it is in Tokyo in 1923 where it caused a huge forest fires (Arbor Day Foundation: Causes of Forest Fires). They are other factors from nature cause forest fires, such as, high temperature with drought and strong wind ,all this factors lead to fires. Bush-fires in the summer frequently occur in Australia (rubychacha, Boutique Market Research Agency: online). Due to the fact, the nature can cause many wounded on the world like forest fires disasters. The second main cause of forest fires is because human.Clearing land is a good example can cause forest fires which sometimes we cannot control it (buzzle, Bora: online). There are several reasons make them burn trees such as social problems or there is no reason maybe only pyromania and this is known as retardation. Also in the mass demonstrations that the protesters make many crimes like one of them burn the forests. According to the Arbor Day Foundation that human carelessness increasing about more than 80 percent.Smokers a re one of causes of forest fires because they do not make sure that they get rid the cigarette. That what happens in many Arab and western countries because of human being. In conclusion, I think that human should be careful in our lives because one mistake can make a big problem like forest fires. However, dry weather can cause forest fires like what happening in Australia every summer. Therefore, human should be careful when they use petroleum materials.Resources Bora, C. What Cause Forest Fires. [online]. Available at: http://www. buzzle. com/articles/what-causes-forest-fires. html [Accessed on 16 March 2012] Boutique Market Research Agency. What Are The Causes Of Forest Fires. [online]. Available at: www. rubychacha. com [Accessed on 14March 2012] Arbor Day Foundation. Causes of Forest Fires. [online]. Available at: http://www. ehow. com/about_5163647_causes-forest-fires. html [Accessed on 28 March 2012]

Analogy vs. Homology - Theory of Evolution

Analogy vs. Homology - Theory of Evolution There are many types of evidence that support the Theory of Evolution. These pieces of evidence range from the minute molecular level of DNA similarities all the way up through similarities within the anatomical structure of organisms. When Charles Darwin first proposed his idea of natural selection, he used mostly evidence based on anatomical features of organisms he studied. Two different ways these similarities in anatomical structures can be classified is as either analogous structures or homologous structures. While both of these categories have to do with how similar body parts of different organisms are used and structured, only one is actually an indication of a common ancestor somewhere in the past. Analogy Analogy, or analogous structures, is actually the one that does not indicate there is a recent common ancestor between two organisms. Even though the anatomical structures being studied look similar and maybe even perform the same functions, they are actually a product of convergent evolution. Just because they look and act alike does not mean they are related closely on the tree of life. Convergent evolution is when two unrelated species undergo several changes and adaptations to become more similar. Usually, these two species live in similar climates and environments in different parts of the world that favor the same adaptations. The analogous features then help that species survive in the environment. One example of analogous structures is the wings of bats, flying insects, and birds. All three organisms use their wings to fly, but bats are actually mammals and not related to birds or flying insects. In fact, birds are more closely related to dinosaurs than they are to bats or flying insects. Birds, flying insects, and bats all adapted to their niches in their environments by developing wings. However, their wings are not indicative of a close evolutionary relationship. Another example is the fins on a shark and a dolphin. Sharks are classified within the fish family while dolphins are mammals. However, both live in similar environments in the ocean where fins are favorable adaptations for animals that need to swim and move in the water. If they are traced back far enough on the tree of life, eventually there will be a common ancestor for the two, but it would not be considered a recent common ancestor and therefore the fins of a shark and a dolphin are considered to be analogous structures. Homology The other classification of similar anatomical structures is called homology. In homology, the homologous structures did, in fact, evolve from a recent common ancestor. Organisms with homologous structures are more closely related to each other on the tree of life than those with analogous structures. However, they are still closely related to a recent common ancestor and have most likely undergone divergent evolution. Divergent evolution is where closely related species become less similar in structure and function due to the adaptations they acquire during the natural selection process. Migration to new climates, competition for niches with other species, and even microevolutionary changes like DNA mutations can contribute to divergent evolution. An example of homology is the tailbone in humans with the tails of cats and dogs. While our coccyx or tailbone has become a vestigial structure, cats and dogs still have their tails intact. We may no longer have a visible tail, but the structure of the coccyx and the supporting bones are very similar to the tailbones of our household pets. Plants can also have homology. The prickly spines on a cactus and the leaves on an oak tree look very dissimilar, but they are actually homologous structures. They even have very different functions. While cactus spines are primarily for protection and to prevent water loss in its hot and dry environment, the oak tree does not have those adaptations. Both structures do contribute to photosynthesis of their respective plants, however, so not all of the most recent common ancestor’s functions have been lost. Oftentimes, organisms with homologous structures actually look very different from each other when compared to how close some species with analogous structures look to each other.

Tornado Dangers and Quick Safety Tips

Tornado Dangers and Quick Safety Tips Perhaps one of the most feared weather anomalies is the tornado. The unpredictability of a tornado produces terror in many families. Some people are so afraid they develop a phobia called lilapsophobia. A large part of this fear stems from the fact that tornadoes can develop with little warning and are extremely violent.   Tornadoes Cause Damage in Three Ways Strong Winds:  The strong winds of a tornado can rip just about anything off of the ground including trees, vehicles, and even houses. The winds inside of tornadoes travel at over 310 miles per hour. Even weak tornadoes can pull shingles and siding off of houses.Debris:  The second damaging effect of tornadoes is actually from the debris that the storm picks up. People have been buried alive by houses or mud picked up and then dropped by a tornado. Smaller objects become damaging projectiles when thrown by tornadoes. One tornado took a child’s bicycle and wrapped it around a tree!Hail and Lightning:  It is not only the wind that causes damage in a tornado, but also the hail and lightning that the storm produces. Large hailstones can damage cars and injure people, and lighting can cause fires and electrical problems. The Environment Suffers From Tornadoes Tornadoes produce devastating effects on the environment. They can uproot trees, cause mass migrations of animals, and destroy the habitats of local wildlife. Family Safety During a Tornado If there is a tornado approaching, what safety measures should you take? First, it is important to realize that there is no specific way to know if a storm is going to produce a tornado. Meteorologists have developed warning systems that tell them if a storm is capable of producing a tornado.   During severe weather, have a weather radio on.  They are relatively inexpensive and could save your life. If you hear the announcer say there is a tornado watch, that means the conditions are correct for forming a tornado. A tornado warning means a tornado has been spotted. If you hear a tornado warning, you may be in danger! If You Hear a Tornado Warning... First, find shelter in the lowest possible place, such as a basement. If your home does not have a basement, go to the innermost room. Stay clear of windows or anything heavy like furniture or appliances. A bathroom is a good location. Take your battery-powered weather radio to your shelter and turn it on. Kneel on the floor and cover your head with your hands. This is the best position to be in to avoid damage during a tornado. Should you be caught out in the open with a tornado approaching, do not try to outrun the storm. Find a low lying spot such as a ravine and crouch down with your arms over your head. Because tornadoes are so unpredictable, you are in much more danger if you try to outrun them. While tornadoes cause much damage in the areas where they hit, one good thing about tornadoes is that the area they damage is relatively small. If you take a few safety precautions, you have the best chance of making it through a dangerous tornado. Resources and Further Reading The Weather Watchers Library: Tornadoes by Dean GalianoTornado Alert! By Wendy Scavuzzo   Edited by Tiffany Means

Conflict between Family Firms Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Conflict between Family Firms - Essay Example 1985). The founders tend to manage and supervise dissent, allowing very little contribution from others in the decision making process (Dyer 1986). It is this tension among family business partners and unequal business partners that leads to conflict. When one partner believes he/she had the lead position in forming the roots of the business, he/she may anticipate more of his/her time to be allocated to the job role. "Family businesses are unique institutions in the socioeconomic environment of the United States. Family businesses, whether large or small, are characterized by having the founder or a family member as president or chief executive officer, members of the founder's family employed by the company, and managers defining their firm as a family business." (Davis and Harveston, 2001) Those who play down the impact of family firms may not be aware that family businesses comprise an estimated 80 percent of the 15 million businesses in the U.K. (Carsrud 1994) and represent more than 50 percent of Britian's GDP (McCann, Leon-CJuerrero, and Haley 1997). Despite their importance in the Britian economy, family businesses have a complex set of problems not completely addressed by classical management theory (Davies and Stern 1980). One such problem is the effect of conflict in the family. Conflicts "When examining intraorganizational conflict, a central issue is determining the foci of conflict. Conflict theorists (such as Guetzkow and Gyr 1994; Ross 2001; Wall and Nolan 1986) typically describe conflict as either substantive, consisting of task disagreements, or affective, consisting of emotionally-charged interpersonal clashes characterized by anger, distrust, frustration, and other forms of negative affect. Because our focus is f) in the investigation of conflict concerning the business, the model developed here focuses on substantive conflict which describe as "intellectual opposition among participants, deriving from the content of the agenda". (Davis and Harveston, 2001) "That is, substantive conflict arises from disagreements about task issues including the nature and importance of task goals and such key decisions as procedures for task accomplishment, and the appropriate choice for action" As used here, the existence of "substantive conflict is defined as the owner/manager's perception that there are disagreements about task issues including the nature and importance of goals and decision areas". (Davis and Harveston, 2001) "Beckhard and Dyer (1983) have "suggested that the key substantive issues that leaders of family business should address are (Ownership and executive leadership continuity or change, power and asset distribution, and the role of the firm in society". Luce and Raiffa (1957, p. 1) characterize substantive or issue-based conflict as situations in which "an individual is in a situation from which one of several possible outcomes will result and with respect to which he has certain personal preferences. However, though he may have some control over the variables that determine the

Managed care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Managed care - Essay Example Thus, this dilemma in expenditure planning further affects the rate settings of managed care mechanism based on the probabilistic premium rate. With effective control of administrative costs and other related expenses, the Medicaid agencies faced severe forms of difficulties related to accrue payments and other relevant needs (Anderson & Fox, 1987). Furthermore, the biased or improper selection of payment services was noted to be affecting the overall process of rate settings. Notably, this sort of plan is likely to attract different set of people undergoing through distinct health conditions. Thus, to increase the transparency of the rate setting system, the Medicaid agencies should develop a plan of incorporating healthier enrollees for Medicaid programs. With the view of developing a biased plan, the Medicaid organizations should remain indulged in formulating effective individual programs within the domain of care giving. Thus, it could be stated that rate setting for a program is one of the major issues faced by the Medicaid organizations in enhancing the ability of the programs to meet the diverse needs of the enrollees (Anderson & Fox,